Mathematicians during the Third Reich and World War II
This is an momentarly edited page for the new Version of Mathematicians during the Third Reich
Prof. Thomas Huckle
Institut für Informatik
TU München
huckle@in.tum.de
The Third Reich changed the world it inflected many people.
A lot of Science was done for the war, many people worked for the war on both sides, but there were also people who tried to stand neutral and avoided their work would be spoiled for war reasons.
In the following it's a short summary on mathematicans, who fled, hid, died, were imprisoned or even worked for the war parties.
Mathematicans
Died
Berwald, Ludwig: Dismissed 1939 in Prague; Deportation by Gestapo to Lodz where he died in April 1942.
Blumenthal, Otto: dismissed 1939 from Aachen and - for a short while - kept in "protective custody". Editor of 'Mathematische Annalen' until 1938. In 1939 he went to Holland. When the Netherlands had fallen, he refused the help of Dutch friends and was deported to Theresienstadt where he died 1944.
Cavailles, Jean: Member of the resistance. Killed by the Gestapo 1944.
Dickstein, Samuel Died in the bombings of Warsaw 1939.
Epstein, Paul Frankfurt 1919 until 1935, suicide after summon from Gestapo August 1939.
Froehlich, Walter In 1939 dismissed in Prague, 1941 deported to Lodz and died there 1942.
Hartogs, Fritz Committed suicide 1943 in Munich.
Imprisoned
Hidden
Emigration
Non-Emigrants
Near Nazi
German Maths and the "Deutsche Mathematik Vereinigung
Bierbach, Ludwig Georg Elias Moses Developed a 'German' style in mathematics as opposite to the 'Jewish' style.
Blaschke Wilhelm seduced by the Nazi ideas he attacked Neugebauer
German Universities during the "Third Reich"
Berlin
List of Professors During 1810 to 1945
History of the Berlin University
University of Berlin under the Swastika
Terror and Exile and a Letter About it by Michael Golomb
Bonn
Seizing the Power in the Provinze
Frankfurt
Goettingen
Heidelberg
Munich
Series of Lectures of the NS Time
Vienna
Prague
Further Informations
About the Education system in the "Third Reich"
School work mixed with propaganda
Overview over school during the "Third Reich"
Ideology and Propaganda in school
General Information in the Web
University St. Andrews, Scotland, History of Mathematics archive
Lebensdaten beruehmter Mathematiker/innen, Uni Freiberg
The mathematics Genealogy Project
Kurzbiographien (Artin, Bernstein, Bieberbach, Blaschke, Blumenthal, Cohn-Vossen, Courant, Froehlich, Grell, Landau, Mises, Neugebauer, von Neumann, Noether, Rademacher, Rellich, Remak, Rogosinski, Schur, Siegel, Toeplitz, Zorn)
Vertriebene, Kollegen in einer dunklen Zeit, Uni Bielefeld?
Aspects of Italian mathematics during the Fascist period by Michele Benzi
Juedische Mathematiker im "Dritten Reich"
Books and articles
BAUER, Friedrich L., Pringsheim, Liebmann, Hartogs - Schicksale juedischer Mathematiker in Muenchen, Sonderdruck 1 aus den Sitzungsberichten der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 1997. Muenchen 1997.
BERGMANN, Birgit, EPPLE, Moritz, Jüdische Mathematiker in der deutschsprachigen akademischen Kultur, ISBN 978-3-540-69250-8
BORN, Max, Mein Leben. München 1975. (Englisch: My Life)
CONANT, Jennet, Tuxedo Park: A Wall Street Tycoon and the Secret Palace of Science That Changed the Course of World War II
CORNWELL, John, Hitler's Scientists. (Deutsch: Forschen fuer den Fuehrer)
EPPLE, Moritz, und REMMERT, Volker, Eine ungeahnte Synthese zwischen reiner und angewandter Mathematik, in: Kaufmann, Doris hg.: Geschichte der Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft im Nationalsozialismus Band I, 258-295
FERMI, Laura, Illustrious Immigrants
HEIBER, Helmut, Universitaet unterm Hakenkreuz
JENS, Walter und Inge, Frau Thomas Mann, Reinbek bei Hamburg 2003.
KRANTZ, Steven, Mathematical Apocrypha: Anectodes
MEDAWAR, Jean, und PYKE, David, Hitlers' Gift. London 2001.
MEHRTENS, Herbert, Das "Dritte Reich" in der Naturwissenschaftgeschichte. In: Naturwissenschaft, Technik und NS-Ideologie, hg. v. Herbert Mehrtens und Steffen Richter, Frankfurt 1980, S. 15-115.
MENZLER-TROTT, Eckart, Gentzens Problem, Mathematische Logik im nationalsozialistischen Deutschland, Basel, 2001.
PINL, Maximilian, Kollegen in einer dunklen Zeit Teil I, Jahresbericht DMV (JDMV) 71 (1969) S. 167-228.
PINL, Maximilian, Kollegen in einer dunklen Zeit Teil II, JDMV 72 (1971/72) S. 165-189.
PINL, Maximilian, Kollegen in einer dunklen Zeit Teil III, JDMV 73 (1969) S. 153-208.
PINL, Maximilian, und DICK, Auguste, Kollegen in einer dunklen Zeil, Schluss, JDMV 75 (1974) S. 166-208, Nachtrag und Berichtigung JDMV 77 (1976) S. 161-164.
PINL, Maximilian, und FURTMÜLLER, Lux, Mathematicians under Hitler. In: Yearbook Leo Baeck Institute 18 (1973) S. 129-182.
REMMERT, Volker R., Vom Umgang mit der Macht: Das Freiburger Mathematische Institut im "Dritten Reich" 1999, 14 (1999), 2, 56-85
SCHAPPACHER, Norbert, unter Mitwirkung von KNESER, Martin, Fachverband - Institut - Staat. In: Ein Jahrhundert Mathematik 1890-1990. Braunschweig/Wiesbaden 1990.
SEGAL, Sanford, Mathematicians under the Nazis. Princeton 2003.
SIEGMUND-SCHULTZE, Reinhard, Mathematiker auf der Flucht vor Hitler. Braunschweig/Wiesbaden 1998.
STRAUSS, Herbert, ROEDER, Werner, Biographisches Handbuch der deutschsprachigen Emigration nach 1933-1945 / International Biographical Dictionary of Central European Emigrés 1933-1945: Bd II: Arts, Sciences, and Literature
TOEPELL, Michael, Mathematiker und Mathematik an der Universität München - 500 Jahre Lehre und Forschung. Habilitationsschrift Mün-chen 1992. Algorismus - Studien zur Geschichte der Mathematik und der Naturwissenschaften Band 19 (1996).
TOBIES, Renate, Biographisches Lexikon in Mathematik promovierter Personen, see also here
YANDELL, Benjamin, The Honors Class. Natick 2002.